Unit 11. Milk and Dairy Products

Learning Objectives

By the end of this lesson, students will be able to:
- Describe the composition of milk
- Identify the main dairy products
- Explain the process of pasteurization
- Use Comparative and Superlative adjectives correctly

Theory

Milk is a highly nutritious food. It contains proteins, fats, carbohydrates (lactose), vitamins and minerals, especially calcium. Milk is the main raw material for the dairy industry.

The most common dairy products are cream, butter, cheese, yoghurt, kefir and ice cream. Different types of milk are used in production: cow’s milk, goat’s milk, sheep’s milk and others.

Pasteurization is one of the most important processes in the dairy industry. It is the process of heating milk to a certain temperature for a short time to kill harmful bacteria without changing the nutritional value of milk.

After pasteurization, milk can be packaged and sold, or it can be used to produce other dairy products. Modern dairy plants use automated equipment to ensure high quality and safety of products.

Key Terms

milk, dairy products, lactose, cream, butter, cheese, yoghurt, kefir, pasteurization, calcium, nutritional value, automated equipment

Exercise

1. Answer the questions:
1. What nutrients does milk contain?
2. Name five dairy products.
3. What is pasteurization?
4. Why is pasteurization important?

2. Complete the sentences with comparative or superlative forms:
1. Cow’s milk is ________ (common) than goat’s milk.
2. Cheese is one of the ________ (popular) dairy products in the world.
3. Pasteurised milk is ________ (safe) than raw milk.

Mini Quiz

1. The main carbohydrate in milk is ________.
a) glucose
b) lactose
c) fructose

2. Pasteurization kills ________ in milk.
a) all vitamins
b) harmful bacteria
c) proteins

3. Which of the following is a dairy product?
a) Bread
b) Yoghurt
c) Juice